From 5e72e08bd1617135048730c39ede1a79348fc24f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sebastian Mariano Flores Date: Sun, 25 Jan 2026 19:01:58 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] Nextcloud: 1/2 --- Nextcloud/Instlacion.md | 84 ++++++++++++++++ Nextcloud/nextcloud.cfg | 209 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 293 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Nextcloud/Instlacion.md create mode 100644 Nextcloud/nextcloud.cfg diff --git a/Nextcloud/Instlacion.md b/Nextcloud/Instlacion.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..942c900 --- /dev/null +++ b/Nextcloud/Instlacion.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +Esta guía esta pensada para usarse con un servidor (equipo) con Debian Stable, es importante tomar en cuenta temas de seguridad, gestión de certificados y respaldo. + +> [!NOTE] +> Es impo + + +1. Instalar una interfaz de gestor de paquetes de apt (Nala) + > [!TIP] + > Se recomienda usar esta inferfaz por sus beneficios al llevar un registro de instlación de paquetes y descargar multihilo. + + ``` + sudo apt install nala + ``` + 1. Si en la maquina se esta trabajando como super usuario (root), se debe de generar un usuario no privilegiado con acceso limitado a root. + ``` + nala install sudo + useradd -m -s /bin/bash/ nombre_usuario + # Asignarle una contraseña (debe de ser segura) + passwd nombre_usuario + usermod -aG sudo nombre_usuario + ``` + 2. Si no existe servicio ssh (suele ocurrir cuando es un contendor LXC, LXD o incus) + ``` + nala install openssh-server + ``` + Es importante conectarse mediante SSH a la maquina con el usuario y no en modo super usuario (root). +2. Instalar el stack LEPP (Linux, Nginx, PostgreSQL y PHP) + ``` + sudo nala install php-fpm nginx postgresql + ``` +3. Instalar los paquetes necesario de PHP (podra variar entre versiones y de los servicios que se instalaran) + ``` + # Generalemte podemos consultar las extensiones que tenemos + # instaladas con + php -m + # Para instalar alguna extension se hace con + # sudo nala install php-nombre_de_la_extensión + # Para esta instalación minima instalaremos las isguientes extensiones + sudo nala install php-{apcu,bz2,curl,gd,gmp,igbinary,imagick,intl,mbstring,pgsql,pgsql,redis,xml,zip} + ``` +4. Generar base de datos + ``` + sudo -i -u postgres + psql + CREATE USER username WITH PASSWORD 'password' CREATEDB; + CREATE DATABASE nextcloud TEMPLATE template0 ENCODING 'UTF8'; + ALTER DATABASE nextcloud OWNER TO username; + GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE nextcloud TO username; + GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON SCHEMA public TO username; + \q + ``` + Cambia el "username" y "password" por alguno de tu preferencia, también puedes cambiar el nombre de la base de datos. +5. Descargar, extraer y asignar permisos de los archivos base de Nextcloud + ``` + # Si no tienes unzip + sudo nala install unzip + ``` + 1. Se tiene que revisar el changelog para obtener la ultima versión [Changelog Nextcloud](https://nextcloud.com/changelog/) + ``` + # Generalmente se utiliza wget + sudo nala install wget + wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-32.0.5.zip + ``` + 2. Extraer los datos + ``` + unzip nextcloud-32.0.5.zip + ``` + 3. Asignarle permisos correspondientes + ``` + sudo chown -R www-data:www-data nextcloud + ``` +6. Mover el directorio a /var/www + ``` + sudo mv nextcloud /var/www + ``` +7. Configurar Nginx + 1. La [Documentación Oficial](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/stable/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html) nos indica la configuración oficial que debe de incluir certificados SSL para usar HTTPS, por ello, mostraremos la forma de generar certificados autofrimados, Let's Encrypt de modo tradicional o por 'Challenge DNS01' + 1. Certificados autofirmados + Seguir las instrucciones de [Digital Ocean](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/stable/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html). Hasta Debian 13 (Trixie) funciona tal y como lo expresan las instrucciones. + 2. Let's Encrypt + Generalmente se utiliza si se va exponer los servicios a internet y requiere que se los puertos 80 y 443 esten abierto para que el servicio externo verifique que exista maquina que utilizara el dominio. En caso contrario, de no abrir puertos por estar detras de un CGNAT o sin poder abrir puertos por parte del ISP, se pueden obtener dichos certificados solo si se tiene un dominio a su nombre y administrado por Cloudflare. + 1. Tradicional + Se deben seguir las instrucciones de [Cerbot](https://certbot.eff.org/instructions?ws=nginx&os=pip). + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Nextcloud/nextcloud.cfg b/Nextcloud/nextcloud.cfg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff8f576 --- /dev/null +++ b/Nextcloud/nextcloud.cfg @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ +upstream php-handler { + #server 127.0.0.1:9000; + server unix:/run/php/php8.4-fpm.sock; +} + +# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument +map $arg_v $asset_immutable { + "" ""; + default ", immutable"; +} + +server { + listen 80; + listen [::]:80; + server_name localhost; + + # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection + server_tokens off; + + # Enforce HTTPS + return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; +} + +server { + listen 443 ssl; + listen [::]:443 ssl; + http2 on; + server_name localhost; + # Path to the root of your installation + root /var/www/nextcloud; + + # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings + # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/ + ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt; + ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/nginx-selfsigned.key; + + # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection + server_tokens off; + + # HSTS settings + # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about + # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option + # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped + # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list + # could take several months. + add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always; + + # set max upload size and increase upload timeout: + client_max_body_size 10G; + client_body_timeout 3600s; + fastcgi_buffers 64 4K; + + # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers + gzip on; + gzip_vary on; + gzip_comp_level 4; + gzip_min_length 256; + gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth; + gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy; + + # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built + # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it. + #pagespeed off; + + # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwidth. + # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/ + # for tuning hints + client_body_buffer_size 512k; + + # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess` + add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always; + add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always; + add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always; + add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always; + add_header X-Robots-Tag "noindex, nofollow" always; + add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always; + + # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak + fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By; + + # Set .mjs and .wasm MIME types + # Either include it in the default mime.types list + # and include that list explicitly or add the file extension + # only for Nextcloud like below: + include mime.types; + types { + text/javascript mjs; + application/wasm wasm; + } + + # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri` + # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour + # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists + # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file, + # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to + # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need + # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets, + # `/updater`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus + # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri` + # always provides the desired behaviour. + index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri; + + # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients + location = / { + if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) { + return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args; + } + } + + location = /robots.txt { + allow all; + log_not_found off; + access_log off; + } + + # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still + # access it despite the existence of the regex rule + # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests + # for `/.well-known`. + location ^~ /.well-known { + # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules + # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`. + + location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; } + location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; } + + location /.well-known/acme-challenge { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } + location /.well-known/pki-validation { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } + + # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other + # requests by passing them to the front-end controller. + return 301 /index.php$request_uri; + } + + # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients + location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/) { return 404; } + location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { return 404; } + + # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks + # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first, + # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php` + # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response. + location ~ \.php(?:$|/) { + # Required for legacy support + rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode(_arm64)?\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri; + + fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$; + set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info; + + try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404; + + include fastcgi_params; + fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; + fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info; + fastcgi_param HTTPS on; + + fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Avoid sending the security headers twice + fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; # Enable pretty urls + fastcgi_pass php-handler; + fastcgi_pass_header X-Accel-Redirect; + + + fastcgi_intercept_errors on; + fastcgi_request_buffering off; + + fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0; + + client_max_body_size 10240M; # Mantén este valor + client_body_timeout 3600s; # Aumenta el tiempo de espera del cuerpo de la solicitud + fastcgi_read_timeout 3600s; # Aumenta el tiempo de espera de lectura de FastCGI + + } + + # Serve static files + location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map|ogg|flac)$ { + try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri; + # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess` + add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463$asset_immutable"; + add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always; + add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always; + add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always; + add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always; + add_header X-Robots-Tag "noindex, nofollow" always; + add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always; + access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets + } + + location ~ \.woff2?$ { + try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri; + expires 7d; # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess` + access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets + } + + # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` + location /remote { + return 301 /remote.php$request_uri; + } + + location / { + try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri; + + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; + } + + #Archivos de mas de 10mb + location ~ /\.(?!file).* { + return 404; + } +}